重要经济竹种快繁技术

对中国云南、福建、浙江、重庆、四川、广东等地竹种进行了调查，选择当地主产具有重要经济价值的竹子开展组培快繁技术试验研究。结果表明：1）16个竹种在主产地具有较高的经济效益；2）组培外植体以播种苗枝条为最佳，其次依次为种子、无性繁殖苗枝条、成年竹枝条；3）16个竹种的组培效果表现为：马来龙竹 > 麻竹 > 绿竹 > 龙竹 > 香糯竹 > 巨龙竹 > 高氏甜龙竹 > 勃氏甜龙竹 > 版纳甜龙竹 > 筇竹 > 金佛山方竹 > 云南方竹 > 苦竹 > 毛竹 > 雷竹 > 中华大节竹；4）16个竹种组培苗的造林效果表现为：马来龙竹 > 龙竹 > 麻竹 > 高氏甜龙竹 > 勃氏甜龙竹 > 巨龙竹 > 绿竹 > 版纳甜龙竹 > 香糯竹 > 毛竹 > 雷竹 > 中华大节竹 > 金佛山方竹 > 云南方竹 > 苦竹 > 筇竹。组培技术的应用极大促进了重要经济竹种的繁殖推广。     

Micropropagation of Prunus scoparia,a Suitable Rootstock for Almond under Drought Conditions

Prunus scoparia is a wild deciduous shrub, usually living on dry calcareous soils of the rocky mountains and has been used as a grafting rootstock for domesticated almonds to provide drought resistance. In the current study, micropropagation ability of P. scoparia was investigated using cytokinin and auxin. Uniform nodal shoot pieces (3–5 cm in length) of seedlings were used as explants. The explants were disinfected with 10% sodium hypochlorite solution. For adventitious shoot induction and proliferation, Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing 7.00 g/l agar and 30.00 g/l sucrose containing five concentrations of benzyl adenine (BA) (0.00, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, and 4.00 mg/1) and also containing six concentrations of Thidiazuron (TDZ) (0.00, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 5.00, and 7.00 mg/1) were compared. For rooting, in vitro shoots (2–3 cm) were transferred into ½ MS medium supplemented with 30 g/l sucrose, 7.50 g/l agar, and different concentrations of IBA (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 mg/l) and NAA (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 mg/l). Based on the results obtained for shoot proliferation, only 2.00 and 4.00 mg/l BA and 2.00 mg/l TDZ concentrations generated shoots, while other treatments did not show shoot proliferation. Among the three treatments that generated shoots, the best results for shoot number, leaf number, and leaf color quality were observed in media containing 2.00 mg/l TDZ. Based on the results obtained for rooting, the effect of IBA concentrations on the rooting percentage, root number, and root length was significant. Among IBA concentrations, only 0.50 mg/l IBA induced rooting, while there was no rooting in the media containing other IBA concentrations. None of the NAA concentrations showed rooting. In conclusion, MS culture medium supplemented with 2.00 mg/l TDZ and ½ MS culture medium supplemented with 0.50 mg/l IBA are suggested for in vitro shoot proliferation and rooting of P. scoparia, respectively. The results presented herein could be used for in vitro selection and micropropagation of P. scoparia.     

马铃薯组培苗时期不同LED光源处理对温室移栽后植株生长和微型薯结薯的影响

不同LED光源下培养的马铃薯组培苗在形态特征上差异明显,为探索这种差异是否会对其移栽后产生进一步影响,试验研究了100%红光(R)、100%蓝光(B)、100%绿光(G)、75%红光+25%蓝光(RB)、45%红光+35%蓝光+20%绿光(RBG)和100%白光(CK)6种光谱下培养4周的马铃薯组培苗温室移栽后植株的生长和结薯情况。试验结果表明,B处理的马铃薯组培苗移栽后缓苗期叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm和qP、结薯前期SPAD值及结薯期各器官生物量均始终高于CK和其他处理,且该处理下最大薯的干鲜重和有效微型薯占比分别较CK提高45.66%、45.09%和10.93%。R处理的组培苗移栽后结薯期地上部生物量显著高于CK,单株结薯数目提高29.60%,但有效微型薯占比较CK降低63.97%。G处理的组培苗移栽后生长和结薯指标均表现最差。组合光谱RB和RBG处理的组培苗移栽后的生长指标和微型薯产量及产量构成指标均与CK无显著差异。因此,单色红、蓝、绿光谱处理对马铃薯组培苗的影响会持续至其移栽后植株幼苗生长,甚至结薯期,组合光谱RB和RBG则不会。在马铃薯组培苗生产上,单色蓝光和单色红光作为照明光源具有潜在的应用价值,组合光谱RB和RBG可作为白色光源的替代光源。     

糜子愈伤诱导及再分化最适条件研究

研究旨在应用组织培养技术探究愈伤诱导及再分化的最适条件,以期为糜子建立遗传转化体系奠定基础。采用5种不同类型的糜子品种研究愈伤诱导及再分化的最适条件。利用植物激素2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)诱导茎尖愈伤组织,筛选出发芽率高,愈伤组织诱导率高,染菌率低的品种,并对诱导愈伤最适激素浓度及配比进行了鉴定。结果显示,冀黍2号出芽率高、愈伤组织诱导率高、染菌率低,适宜进行组织培养；2,4-D对冀黍2号愈伤诱导效果最好,最适浓度为2.5mg/L,诱导率达86.67%,淡黄色块状,结构紧密,质地较硬,继代培养后形成的胚性愈伤组织状态更好。再分化过程中,2,4-D浓度为2.5mg/L+TDZ浓度为3.5mg/L时出现明显的嫩芽。该试验获得冀黍2号愈伤诱导及再分化的最适条件,可为糜子再生体系的构建提供参考。     

Preparation of Alginate-Based Biomaterials and Their Applications in Biomedicine

Alginates are naturally occurring polysaccharides extracted from brown marine algae and bacteria. Being biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic and easy to gel, alginates can be processed into various forms, such as hydrogels, microspheres, fibers and sponges, and have been widely applied in biomedical field. The present review provides an overview of the properties and processing methods of alginates, as well as their applications in wound healing, tissue repair and drug delivery in recent years.     

蜜蜂全脑解剖新方法的研究

蜜蜂是研究社会行为的模式生物，其复杂的学习记忆导航能力和相对简单的脑结构为脑科学研究提供良好模型。蜜蜂脑可用于神经科学、分子科学、行为科学等研究，但由于蜜蜂脑小且柔软，而且被几丁质包裹、被腺体缠绕，导致蜜蜂全脑解剖不是初学者所能轻易掌握的。我们经过不断摸索，建立了一种蜜蜂全脑解剖的新方法，通过切开头部边缘的几丁质，用镊子夹住头部反面的几丁质并旋转，然后除去正面几丁质等步骤，在短时间内就能获得完整的蜜蜂全脑。该方法将为蜜蜂脑科学研究提供有力技术支撑。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪牛组织中甲基盐霉素残留量

建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪牛组织中甲基盐霉素残留量。猪、牛组织中残留的甲基盐霉素,经乙腈溶液提取,硅胶固相萃取柱净化,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定,外标法定量。甲基盐霉素在5 ng/mL～250 ng/mL的浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系,甲基盐霉素在猪、牛肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、脂肪中的检测限均为2.5μg/kg,定量限均为5.0μg/kg,猪牛肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、脂肪中5.0 ng/g～100 ng/g添加浓度范围内的回收率均值为71.9%～88.4%,批内批间RSD值均<15%。     

LC-MS/MS measurement of ampicillin residue in swine tissues at 5 days after in-feed administration

We assessed ampicillin (ABPC) concentrations of kidney, muscle and intestine after a 5–day withdrawal period in 2 male and a female young Large White pigs fed the diet containing ABPC (ABPC medicated feed, 24 mg/kg/day) for a week. The ABPC residues were measured with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and the mean recoveries and quantitation limits ranged from 91.8 to 97.2% and from 0.1 to 0.12 ng/g, respectively. The residual ABPC concentrations were ≤1.18 ng/g for the muscle, ≤0.53 ng/g for the kidney and ≤1.93 ng/g for the intestine, suggesting below the Japanese provisional maximum residue limits. These results reveal that the analytical method is developed for residual ABPC and that the withdrawal period is appropriate.